Rise of Nationalism in Europe — Italy & Germany Unification

Knowledge Themes

Structural Subtopics

• Impact of Napoleonic conquests on European nationalist consciousness
• Decisions of the Congress of Vienna (1815) regarding Italian and German territories
• Role of the Carbonari and early revolutionary secret societies in Italy
• Giuseppe Mazzini’s Republican vision and the Young Italy movement
• Economic integration through the Zollverein (German Customs Union)
• Count Cavour’s diplomatic maneuvers and the alliance with Napoleon III
• Giuseppe Garibaldi’s Expedition of the Thousand and the Red Shirts
• Otto von Bismarck’s policy of Blood and Iron and Realpolitik
• Strategic consequences of the Austro-Prussian War (1866)
• The Franco-Prussian War (1870-71) as the final step for the German Empire
• The Roman Question and the annexation of the Papal States in 1870
• Comparison of unification from above in Germany versus the role of popular forces in Italy