Knowledge Themes
Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)
State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs)
Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974
Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981
Environment (Protection) Act 1986
National Green Tribunal (NGT) Act 2010
Polluter Pays Principle
National Clean Air Programme (NCAP)
Air Quality Index (AQI)
SAMEER App
PRANA Portal
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)
Article 21
Article 48A
Article 51A(g)
Environmental Compensation (EC)
Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)
Structural Subtopics
- Statutory mandate under Water Act 1974 and Air Act 1981
- Role of CPCB in standard-setting and technical guidance
- SPCB's power of 'Consent to Establish' and 'Consent to Operate'
- Implementation of National Clean Air Programme (NCAP)
- Functioning of Online Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems (OCEMS)
- Challenges of understaffing and high vacancy rates in technical posts
- Conflict of interest in board composition and stakeholder representation
- Judicial oversight and relationship with National Green Tribunal (NGT)
- Financial autonomy and the 'Polluter Pays' principle implementation
- Digital governance initiatives like Nivesh Mitra and PRANA portal
- Monitoring of National Water Quality Monitoring Programme (NWMP)
- Enforcement mechanisms for industrial effluent and sewage treatment standards
- Role of boards in waste management (Plastic
- E-waste
- and Hazardous waste)
- Limitations of quasi-judicial powers and litigation delays
- Reforms for fixed tenure and specialized recruitment of leadership
Study Material
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