Knowledge Themes

Stages of Money Laundering and the Hawala Mechanism

Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) and its Amendments

FATF Recommendations, Grey/Black Lists, and Global Compliance

The Nexus between Terror Financing and Organized Crime

Technological Challenges: Cryptocurrencies and Shell Companies

Structural Subtopics

Definition and mechanics of the three-stage money laundering process
Role and mandate of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF)
Impact of FATF Grey and Black lists on national economies
Provisions and recent amendments of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) 2002
Functions of the Enforcement Directorate (ED) and Financial Intelligence Unit-India (FIU-IND)
Operational mechanics of the informal Hawala system and its bypass of formal banking
Links between money laundering and organized crime or terrorism financing
India's performance in the 2024 FATF Mutual Evaluation Report
Legal requirements for Customer Due Diligence (CDD) and Beneficial Ownership
Role of shell companies and round-tripping in illicit financial flows
Challenges of regulating virtual assets and cryptocurrencies under AML frameworks
Significance of the Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Activities Act (COFEPOSA) and FEMA
International cooperation mechanisms for asset recovery and extradition of economic offenders

Full AI-synthesized study material for Hawala & Money Laundering — FATF & Prevention Laws is being calibrated.