Education Structure — Primary, Secondary & Higher Education

Knowledge Themes

Structural Subtopics

• Evolution from 10+2 to 5+3+3+4 pedagogical structure
• Foundational Literacy and Numeracy (FLN) mission and targets
• Integration of Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) into formal schooling
• Vocational education and internships from Class 6 onwards
• Assessment reforms and the role of PARAKH
• Multilingualism and the Three-Language Formula in school education
• Measures to achieve 100% Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in school education by 2030
• Restructuring of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) into research and teaching universities
• Academic Bank of Credits (ABC) and multiple entry-exit options in UG programs
• Higher Education Commission of India (HECI) and the four vertical regulatory pillars
• Phasing out the affiliation system and granting autonomy to colleges
• National Professional Standards for Teachers (NPST) and 4-year integrated B.Ed.
• Internationalization of education and entry of foreign universities in India
• Strategies for bridging the digital divide and the National Educational Technology Forum (NETF)