Knowledge Themes

Plate Tectonics Theory

Seismic Zonation Map of India

Disaster Management Act 2005

National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) Guidelines

Richter and Mercalli Scales

Shadow Zones

Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction

National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)

Focus and Epicenter

Intra-plate and Inter-plate Earthquakes

Soil Liquefaction

Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) Seismic Codes

Build Back Better Principle

Seismic Gap Theory

Structural Subtopics

Seismic waves and their characteristics (P
S
L
and R waves)
Shadow zone of seismic waves and its significance
Tectonic causes and plate boundaries (convergent
divergent
and transform)
Non-tectonic causes including volcanic and anthropogenic activities
Reservoir-induced seismicity (RIS) with Indian examples
Earthquake swarms and foreshocks vs aftershocks
Global distribution and major seismic belts (Circum-Pacific and Alpide belts)
Seismic zoning of India and Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) classification
Measurement of earthquakes (Richter vs Mercalli scales)
Impact on landforms including liquefaction and landslides
Secondary hazards like tsunamis and fire
National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) guidelines for earthquake management
Structural and non-structural mitigation measures
Role of Early Warning Systems (EWS) and seismic observatories

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