Early Nationalists — Moderates vs Extremists

Knowledge Themes

Structural Subtopics

• Ideology and social base of the Moderate phase (1885-1905)
• Constitutional methods of Prayer Petition and Protest
• Economic Critique of Colonialism and Drain Theory
• Expansion and reform of Legislative Councils (Indian Councils Act 1892)
• Indianization of civil services and administrative reforms
• Rise of militant nationalism and factors favoring Extremists
• Ideological differences between Swaraj as self-government vs complete independence
• Passive resistance and the 4-point program (Swaraj Swadeshi Boycott National Education)
• Role of vernacular press and cultural symbols in mass mobilization
• Impact of the 1905 Partition of Bengal on Congress internal politics
• 1906 Calcutta Session and the four compromise resolutions
• Detailed analysis of the 1907 Surat Split and its consequences
• Comparison of social backgrounds and constituencies of both factions
• British policy of Carrot and Stick toward Moderates and Extremists
• Reunification of factions at the 1916 Lucknow Session