INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Extended Neighbourhood
A stable relationship requires: 1) Disengagement and de-escalation at the LAC to restore peace; 2) Managing economic interdependence without compromising security; 3) Strengthening multilateralism to prevent regional hegemony; and 4) Enhancing India's maritime and technological capabilities to maintain a strategic balance.
India-China relations are characterized by a complex 'cooperation-competition' paradox. While both nations seek leadership in the Global South and participate in multilateral forums like BRICS and SCO, their bilateral relationship is strained by deep-seated territorial disputes, strategic encirclement fears, and massive trade imbalances. The relationship has shifted from 'peaceful coexistence' to 'armed coexistence' following the 2020 Galwan Valley clash.
0: Asymmetric Power Balance: China's larger GDP and military expenditure create a power gap.
1: Multilateral Tug-of-War: China's influence in the UN and its role in the SCO vs. India's engagement with the QUAD and Indo-Pacific constructs.
2: Neighborhood First vs. String of Pearls: China's growing footprint in India's immediate periphery (Nepal, Sri Lanka, Maldives).
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